Mixing
The audio Mastering process, is one of adapting a mixed recording to device media. It isn't necessary to record "hot", as dynamics are faithfully reproduced, due to higher bitrates being used.
Mastering
Effects
Applying equalisation and compression, to audio files allows them to be adapted to systems exhibiting limited frequency response, dynamic range, or headroom, which is accomplished by listening to source material and experimenting with audio effects processors.
Equalisation
Equalisation can be performed via spectrally, or individually via channels, however most virtual instruments, will have already had excessive resonance(s) removed, except in the case of synthesisers, due to the open-ended nature of sound generation.
Compression
Frequency based or multi-band compression, is useful so specific frequency bands can be adapted for systems that accentuate certain frequency ranges, or else program material that exhibits too much energy in specific frequency bands.
Tracking
Recording instrument tracks or tracking produces multitrack stems, which are recorded in either mono or stereo format, depending on whether a stereo image exists, since lower frequency instruments tend to be omni-directional and as such, do not require a sound field.
Bouncing
Often it is necessary to process instrument or vocal dynamics, so volume automation and levelling is used, which requires a track to be rendered at 32 bits, as opposed to 24, which preserves dynamic range and frequency response, since files need bouncing before mix.
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